Whenever the subject of the Crusades comes up in conversation, it seems to touch a raw nerve and causes Christians in the West to feel defensive as well as apologetic. Many view the Crusades as a medieval forerunner of European imperialism characterized by aggression, a desire for expansion, and wanton destruction. This volatile issue has also become... Continue Reading →
ISLAM: Sects and Schools: What is the Real Agenda?
Non-Muslims tend to view Islam as a monolithic religion in which Muslim followers all believe the same thing and follow the same traditions. The emphasis on the use of Arabic in the mosque prayers and for the proper interpretation of the Qur’an only emphasizes a certain uniform system of belief and practice. However, there is great diversity among the people... Continue Reading →
Sin and Salvation in Islam: Works Alone or Grace Alone?
Today the Muslim concept of salvation is drastically different from the Christian view. Perhaps the best statement to frame the Islamic view of salvation is from Ron Rhodes: “A weak view of sin will always lead to a weak view of salvation.”[1] In other words, Islam minimizes the reality of human sin to such an extent that for the Muslim... Continue Reading →
ISLAM: What Significance Does Sharia Law Have for Muslims and Non-Muslims Today?
When Westerners think of Sharia law, their concept is usually centered on excessive punishments, such as being stoned for adultery or having hands cut off for stealing. However, Islam presents Sharia not just as a legal system but as an integral way to fulfill the will of Allah for each person and situation, since Allah’s will is... Continue Reading →
Islamic Doctrine: Five versus Three Equals One?
In some ways, Islam is a complex, multi-layered religion that mixes politics, economics, and social dynamics within a religious structure. The structure itself is based on the Qur’an’s pronouncements from Allah, the words of the prophet Muhammad recorded in the Hadith and a complicated system of jurisprudence. On the other hand, the basic doctrines are quite simple, and initiation... Continue Reading →
Islamic Golden Age and Expansion: Path of Peace or Trail of Blood?
In a traditional history of Islam, one major chapter is usually dedicated to the Islamic empires, which lasted from the early medieval period to, technically, the fall of the Ottoman Empire after World War I. The details of the rapid conquests, the general trend of expansion over the centuries, and, most of all, the legendary accounts of fabulous... Continue Reading →
Theological Development of Islam: The Opening of the Gates of Heaven or the “Closing of the Muslim Mind”?
After a religion is introduced to a culture or to an empire, often a period of theological debates will follow, fine-tuning the details and implications of general religious tenets. Certainly, this was the case during the decades following Muhammad’s death and the establishment of Islam as a political force. Both secular and theological changes rapidly followed... Continue Reading →
The Origin of Islam: New Path to God or a Jewish-Christian Heresy?
Introduction The first 60 years of Islam after the death of Muhammad are not only interesting to study but vital for a thorough understanding of Islam’s origin story. How and when did Islam become a fully developed religion? There is a significant controversy over whether it was a perfect and complete faith at the time of Muhammad’s death,... Continue Reading →
QURAN: Divine Authorship or Authored by Men?
Introduction As is true of any scripture, the Qur’an is a vital part of understanding Islam both as it is practiced today and as its origins are described. Since most non-Muslims have never read the Qur’an, a brief introduction is in order. The word “Qur’an” means “recitation” in Arabic and is thought to be derived from the Syriac... Continue Reading →
Muhammad: Final Prophet or Apocalyptic Preacher?
Who was Muhammad? Is every word and action attributed to him verifiable, or were some biographical details added in the years following his death? This is a question that must be asked when examining the records of almost any historical figure, and the issue is as complex as it is significant. The life of Muhammad is... Continue Reading →