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NOTE: This project is underway, so there may be changes/corrections at times and more material will be added as well (Textual Articles♣, Bible Difficulty Articles♥, Exegetical Commentary♦, and UASV translation♠).

Epistle to Ephesians

CHAPTER 1♠

1 ΠαῦλοςPaul, ἀπόστολοςapostle Χριστοῦof Christ ἸησοῦJesus διὰthrough θελήματοςwill θεοῦof God τοῖςto the ἁγίοιςholy (ones) τοῖςthe οὖσινbeing ἐνin ᾿ΕφέσῳEphesus καὶand πιστοῖςto faithful (ones) ἐνin ΧριστῷChrist Ἰησοῦ·Jesus;

2 χάριςgrace ὑμῖνto you καὶand εἰρήνηpeace ἀπὸfrom θεοῦGod πατρὸςFather ἡμῶνof us καὶand κυρίουof Lord ἸησοῦJesus Χριστοῦ.Christ.

3 ΕὐλογητὸςBlessed ὁthe θεὸςGod καὶand πατὴρFather τοῦof the κυρίουLord ἡμῶνof us Ἰησοῦof Jesus Χριστοῦ,Christ, ὁthe (one) εὐλογήσαςhaving blessed ἡμᾶςus ἐνin πάσῃevery εὐλογίᾳblessing πνευματικῇspiritual ἐνin τοῖςthe ἐπουρανίοιςheavenly [places] ἐνin Χριστῷ,Christ, 4 καθὼςaccording as ἐξελέξατοhe chose ἡμᾶςus ἐνin αὐτῷhim πρὸbefore καταβολῆςthrowing down κόσμου,of world, εἶναιto be ἡμᾶςus ἁγίουςholy καὶand ἀμώμουςunblemished κατενώπιονdown in sight αὐτοῦof himἐνin ἀγάπῃ,love, 5 προορίσαςhaving defined before ἡμᾶςus εἰςinto υἱοθεσίανplacing (as) son διὰthrough ἸησοῦJesus ΧριστοῦChrist εἰςinto αὐτόν,him, κατὰaccording to τὴνthe εὐδοκίανthinking well τοῦof the θελήματοςwill αὐτοῦ,of him, 6 εἰςinto ἔπαινονpraise δόξηςof glory τῆςof the χάριτοςgrace αὐτοῦof him ἧςof which ἐχαρίτωσενhe favored ἡμᾶςusἐνin τῷthe (one) ἠγαπημένῳ,having been loved, 7 ἐνin ᾧwhom ἔχομενwe are having τὴνthe ἀπολύτρωσινrelease by ransom διὰthrough τοῦthe αἵματοςblood αὐτοῦ,of him, τὴνthe ἄφεσινletting go off τῶνof the παραπτωμάτων,falls beside, κατὰaccording to τὸthe πλοῦτοςriches τῆςof the χάριτοςgrace αὐτοῦof him

8 ἧςof which ἐπερίσσευσενhe caused to abound εἰςinto ἡμᾶςus ἐνin πάσῃall σοφίᾳwisdom καὶand φρονήσει,sensibleness, 9 γνωρίσαςhaving made known ἡμῖνto us τὸthe μυστήριονmystery τοῦof the θελήματοςwill αὐτοῦ,of him, κατὰaccording to τὴνtheεὐδοκίανthinking well αὐτοῦof him ἣνwhich προέθετοhe placed before self ἐνin αὐτῷhim 10 εἰςinto οἰκονομίανhouse administration τοῦof the πληρώματοςfullness τῶνof the καιρῶν,appointed times, ἀνακεφαλαιώσασθαιto head up τὰthe πάνταall (things) ἐνin τῷthe χριστῷ,Christ, τὰthe (things) ἐπὶupon τοῖςthe οὐρανοῖςheavens καὶand τὰthe (things) ἐπὶupon τῆςthe γῆς·earth; ἐνinαὐτῷ,him, 11 ἐνin ᾧwhom καὶalso ἐκληρώθημενwe were assigned by lot προορισθέντεςhaving been defined before κατὰaccording to πρόθεσινpurpose τοῦof the (one) τὰthe πάνταall (things) ἐνεργοῦντοςworking in κατὰaccording to τὴνthe βουλὴνcounsel τοῦof the θελήματοςwill αὐτοῦ,of him, 12 εἰςinto τὸthe εἶναιto be ἡμᾶςus εἰςinto ἔπαινονpraise δόξηςof glory αὐτοῦof him τοὺςthe (ones) προηλπικόταςhaving hoped before ἐνin τῷthe χριστῷ·Christ; 13 ἐνin ᾧwhom καὶalso ὑμεῖςyou ἀκούσαντεςhaving heard τὸνthe λόγονword τῆςof the ἀληθείας,truth, τὸthe εὐαγγέλιονgood news τῆςof the σωτηρίαςsalvation ὑμῶν,of you, ἐνin ᾧwhom καὶalso πιστεύσαντες,having believed, ἐσφραγίσθητεyou were sealed τῷto the πνεύματιspirit τῆςof the ἐπαγγελίαςpromise τῷto the ἁγίῳ,holy, 14ὅwhich (thing) ἐστινis ἀρραβὼνtoken τῆςof the κληρονομίαςinheritanceἡμῶν,of us, εἰςinto ἀπολύτρωσινreleasing by ransom τῆςof the περιποιήσεως,thing preserved, εἰςinto ἔπαινονpraise τῆςof the δόξηςglory αὐτοῦ.of him.

15 ΔιὰThrough τοῦτοthis κἀγώ,also I, ἀκούσαςhaving heard τὴνthe καθ’according to ὑμᾶςyou πίστινfaith ἐνin τῷthe κυρίῳLord ἸησοῦJesus καὶand τὴνthe [faith] εἰςinto πάνταςall τοὺςthe ἁγίους,holy (ones), 16 οὐnot παύομαιI am ceasing εὐχαριστῶνthanking ὑπὲρover ὑμῶνyou μνείανmention ποιούμενοςmaking ἐπὶupon τῶνthe προσευχῶνprayers μου,of me, 17 ἵναin order that ὁthe θεὸςGod τοῦof the κυρίουLord ἡμῶνof us ἸησοῦJesus Χριστοῦ,Christ, ὁthe πατὴρFather τῆςof the δόξης,glory, δῴηwould give ὑμῖνto you πνεῦμαspirit σοφίαςof wisdom καὶand ἀποκαλύψεωςof revelation ἐνin ἐπιγνώσειaccurate knowledge αὐτοῦ,of him, 18 πεφωτισμένουςhaving been enlightened τοὺςthe ὀφθαλμοὺςeyes τῆςof the καρδίαςheart ὑμῶνof you εἰςinto τὸthe εἰδέναιto have known ὑμᾶςyou τίςwhat ἐστινis ἡthe ἐλπὶςhope τῆςof the κλήσεωςcalling αὐτοῦ,of him, τίςwhat ὁthe πλοῦτοςriches τῆςof the δόξηςglory τῆςof the κληρονομίαςinheritance αὐτοῦof him ἐνin τοῖςthe ἁγίοις,holy (ones), 19 καὶand τίwhat τὸthe ὑπερβάλλονsurpassing μέγεθοςgreatness τῆςof the δυνάμεωςpower αὐτοῦof him εἰςintoἡμᾶςus τοὺςthe (ones) πιστεύονταςbelieving κατὰaccording to τὴνthe ἐνέργειανoperation within τοῦof the κράτουςmightiness τῆςof the ἰσχύοςstrength αὐτοῦof him 20 ἣνwhich ἐνήργηκενhe has worked in ἐνin τῷthe χριστῷChrist ἐγείραςhaving raised up αὐτὸνhim ἐκout of νεκρῶν,dead (ones), καὶand καθίσαςhaving seated ἐνin δεξιᾷright [hand] αὐτοῦof him ἐνin τοῖςthe ἐπουρανίοιςheavenly [places] 21 ὑπεράνωover-upward πάσηςof every ἀρχῆςgovernment καὶand ἐξουσίαςof authority καὶand δυνάμεωςof powerκαὶand κυριότητοςof lordship καὶand παντὸςof every ὀνόματοςname ὀνομαζομένουbeing named οὐnot μόνονonly ἐνin τῷthe αἰῶνιage τούτῳthis ἀλλὰbut καὶalso ἐνin τῷthe (one) μέλλοντι·being about (to be); 22 καὶand πάνταall (things) ὑπέταξενhe subjected ὑπὸunder τοὺςthe πόδαςfeet αὐτοῦ,of him, καὶand αὐτὸνhim ἔδωκενhe gave κεφαλὴνhead ὑπὲρover πάνταall (things) τῇto the ἐκκλησίᾳ,ecclesia, 23 ἥτιςwhich ἐστὶνis τὸthe σῶμαbody αὐτοῦ,of him, τὸthe πλήρωμαfullness τοῦof the (one) τὰthe πάνταall (things) ἐνin πᾶσινall (things) πληρουμένου.of (one) filling.

CHAPTER 2♠

1 καὶAnd ὑμᾶςyou ὄνταςbeing νεκροὺςdead (ones) τοῖςto the παραπτώμασινfalls beside καὶand ταῖςto the ἁμαρτίαιςsins ὑμῶν,of you, 2 ἐνin αἷςwhich ποτὲsometime περιεπατήσατεyou walked κατὰaccording to τὸνthe αἰῶναage τοῦof the κόσμουworld τούτου,this, κατὰaccording to τὸνthe ἄρχονταruler τῆςof the ἐξουσίαςauthority τοῦof the ἀέρος,air, τοῦof theπνεύματοςspirit τοῦthe νῦνnow ἐνεργοῦντοςoperating within ἐνin τοῖςthe υἱοῖςsons τῆςof the ἀπειθίας·disobedience; 3 ἐνin οἷςwhom καὶalso ἡμεῖςwe πάντεςall ἀνεστράφημένwere turned up ποτεsometime ἐνin ταῖςthe ἐπιθυμίαιςdesires τῆςof the σαρκὸςflesh ἡμῶν,of us, ποιοῦντεςdoing τὰthe θελήματαwills τῆςof the σαρκὸςflesh καὶand τῶνof the διανοιῶν,mental perceptions, καὶand ἤμεθαwe were τέκναchildren φύσειto nature ὀργῆςof wrath ὡςas καὶalso οἱthe λοιποί·—leftover (ones);—4 ὁthe δὲbut θεὸςGod πλούσιοςrich ὢνbeing ἐνin ἐλέει,mercy, διὰthrough τὴνthe πολλὴνmuch ἀγάπηνlove αὐτοῦof him ἣνwhich ἠγάπησενhe loved ἡμᾶς,us, 5 καὶand ὄνταςbeing ἡμᾶςus νεκροὺςdead (ones) τοῖςin the παραπτώμασινfalls beside συνεζωοποίησενhe made alive with τῷto the χριστῷ,—Christ,— χάριτίby grace ἐστεyou are σεσωσμένοι,—having been saved,— 6 καὶand συνήγειρενhe raised up together καὶand συνεκάθισενhe seated together ἐνin τοῖςthe ἐπουρανίοιςheavenly [places] ἐνin ΧριστῷChrist Ἰησοῦ,Jesus, 7 ἵναin order that ἐνδείξηταιhe might show within ἐνin τοῖςthe αἰῶσινages τοῖςthe (ones) ἐπερχομένοιςcoming upon τὸthe ὑπερβάλλονsurpassing πλοῦτοςriches τῆςof the χάριτοςgrace αὐτοῦof him ἐνin χρηστότητιkindness ἐφ’upon ἡμᾶςus ἐνin ΧριστῷChrist Ἰησοῦ.Jesus.

8 τῇTo the γὰρfor χάριτίby grace ἐστεyou are σεσωσμένοιhaving been saved διὰthrough πίστεως·faith; καὶand τοῦτοthis οὐκnot ἐξout of ὑμῶν,you, θεοῦof God τὸthe δῶρον·gift; 9 οὐκnot ἐξout of ἔργων,works, ἵναin order that μήnot τιςsomeone καυχήσηται.should boast. 10 αὐτοῦOf him γάρfor ἐσμενwe are ποίημα,thing made, κτισθέντες(ones) having been created ἐνin ΧριστῷChrist ἸησοῦJesus ἐπὶupon ἔργοιςworks ἀγαθοῖςgood οἷςto which προητοίμασενhe prepared before ὁthe θεὸςGod ἵναin order that ἐνin αὐτοῖςthem περιπατήσωμεν.we might walk.

11 ΔιὸThrough which μνημονεύετεbe you remembering ὅτιthat ποτὲsometime ὑμεῖςyou τὰthe ἔθνηnations ἐνin σαρκί,flesh, οἱthe (ones) λεγόμενοιbeing said ἀκροβυστίαuncircumcision ὑπὸby τῆςthe λεγομένηςbeing said περιτομῆςcircumcision ἐνin σαρκὶflesh χειροποιήτου,—made by hand,— 12 ὅτιthat ἦτεyou were τῷto the καιρῷappointed time ἐκείνῳthat χωρὶςapart from Χριστοῦ,Christ, ἀπηλλοτριωμένοιhaving been alienated from τῆςthe πολιτείαςcitizenry τοῦof the ἸσραὴλIsrael καὶand ξένοιstrangers τῶνof the διαθηκῶνcovenants τῆςof the ἐπαγγελίας,promise, ἐλπίδαhope μὴnot ἔχοντεςhaving καὶand ἄθεοιgodless ἐνin τῷthe κόσμῳ.world. 13 νυνὶNow δὲbut ἐνin ΧριστῷChrist ἸησοῦJesus ὑμεῖςyou οἵthe (ones) ποτεsometime ὄντεςbeing μακρὰνlong [way] ἐγενήθητεyou became ἐγγὺςnear ἐνin τῷthe αἵματιblood τοῦof the χριστοῦ.Christ. 14 ΑὐτὸςHe γάρfor ἐστινis ἡthe εἰρήνηpeace ἡμῶν,of us, ὁthe (one) ποιήσαςhaving made τὰthe (things) ἀμφότεραboth ἓνone καὶand τὸthe μεσότοιχονmiddle wall τοῦof the φραγμοῦfence λύσας,having loosed, 15 τὴνthe ἔχθρανenmity ἐνin τῇthe σαρκὶflesh αὐτοῦ,of him, τὸνthe νόμονLaw τῶνof the ἐντολῶνcommandments ἐνin δόγμασινdecrees καταργήσας,having made ineffective, ἵναin order that τοὺςthe δύοtwo κτίσῃhe might create ἐνin αὑτῷhimself εἰςinto ἕναone καινὸνnew ἄνθρωπονman ποιῶνmaking εἰρήνην,peace, 16 καὶand ἀποκαταλλάξῃhe might fully reconcile τοὺςthe ἀμφοτέρουςboth ἐνin ἑνὶone σώματιbody τῷto the θεῷGod διὰthrough τοῦthe σταυροῦcross ἀποκτείναςhaving killed τὴνthe ἔχθρανenmity ἐνin αὐτῷ·him;17 καὶand ἐλθὼνhaving come εὐηγγελίσατοhe declared as good news εἰρήνηνpeace ὑμῖνto you τοῖςthe (ones) μακρὰνlong [way] καὶand εἰρήνηνpeace τοῖςto the (ones) ἐγγύς·near; 18 ὅτιbecause δι’through αὐτοῦhim ἔχομενwe are having τὴνthe προσαγωγὴνleading toward οἱthe ἀμφότεροιboth ἐνin ἑνὶone πνεύματιspirit πρὸςtoward τὸνthe πατέρα.Father.

19 ἌραReally οὖνtherefore οὐκέτιnot yet ἐστὲyou are ξένοιstrangers καὶand πάροικοι,dwellers beside, ἀλλὰbut ἐστὲyou are συνπολῖταιfellow citizens τῶνof the ἁγίωνholy (ones) καὶand οἰκεῖοιhousehold [members] τοῦof the θεοῦ,God, 20 ἐποικοδομηθέντεςhaving been built up ἐπὶupon τῷthe θεμελίῳfoundation τῶνof the ἀποστόλωνapostles καὶand προφητῶν,of prophets, ὄντοςbeing ἀκρογωνιαίουtop corner (stone) αὐτοῦof him Χριστοῦof Christ Ἰησοῦ,Jesus, 21 ἐνin ᾧwhom πᾶσαall οἰκοδομὴbuilding συναρμολογουμένηbeing jointed together αὔξειis growing εἰςinto ναὸνdivine habitation ἅγιονholy ἐνin κυρίῳ,Lord, 22 ἐνin ᾧwhom καὶalso ὑμεῖςyou συνοικοδομεῖσθεare being built up together εἰςinto κατοικητήριονdwelling place τοῦof the θεοῦGod ἐνin πνεύματι.spirit.

CHAPTER 3♠

1 ΤούτουOf this (thing) χάρινthanks ἐγὼI ΠαῦλοςPaul ὁthe δέσμιοςbound one τοῦof the χριστοῦChrist ἸησοῦJesus ὑπὲρover ὑμῶνyou τῶνof the ἐθνῶν,—nations,— 2 εἴif γεin fact ἠκούσατεyou heard τὴνthe οἰκονομίανhouse administration τῆςof the χάριτοςgrace τοῦof the θεοῦGod τῆςof the δοθείσηςhaving been given μοιto me εἰςinto ὑμᾶς,you, 3 ὅτιthat κατὰaccording to ἀποκάλυψινrevelation ἐγνωρίσθηwas made known μοιto me τὸthe μυστήριον,mystery, καθὼςaccording as προέγραψαI wrote before ἐνin ὀλίγῳ,little [space], 4 πρὸςtoward ὃwhich δύνασθεyou are able ἀναγινώσκοντεςreading νοῆσαιto see mentally τὴνthe σύνεσίνcomprehension μουof me ἐνin τῷthe μυστηρίῳmystery τοῦof the χριστοῦ,Christ, 5 ὃwhich ἑτέραιςto different γενεαῖςgenerations οὐκnot ἐγνωρίσθηit was made known τοῖςto the υἱοῖςsons τῶνof the ἀνθρώπωνmen ὡςas νῦνnowἀπεκαλύφθηit was revealed τοῖςto the ἁγίοιςholy ἀποστόλοιςapostles αὐτοῦof him καὶand προφήταιςto prophets ἐνin πνεύματι,spirit, 6 εἶναιto be τὰthe ἔθνηnations συνκληρονόμαjoint heirs καὶand σύνσωμαjoint body καὶand συνμέτοχαjoint partakers τῆςof the ἐπαγγελίαςpromise ἐνin ΧριστῷChrist ἸησοῦJesus διὰthrough τοῦthe εὐαγγελίου,good news, 7 οὗof which ἐγενήθηνI became διάκονοςservant κατὰaccording to τὴνthe δωρεὰνfree gift τῆςof the χάριτοςgraceτοῦof the θεοῦGod τῆςof the δοθείσηςhaving been given μοιto me κατὰaccording to τὴνthe ἐνέργειανoperation within τῆςof the δυνάμεωςpower αὐτοῦ—of him—

8 ἐμοὶto me τῷthe (one) ἐλαχιστοτέρῳless than the least πάντωνof all ἁγίωνholy (ones) ἐδόθηwas given ἡthe χάριςgrace αὕτη—this— τοῖςto the ἔθνεσινnations εὐαγγελίσασθαιto declare as good news τὸthe ἀνεξιχνίαστονnot to be traced out πλοῦτοςriches τοῦof the χριστοῦ,Christ, 9 καὶand φωτίσαιto bring to light τίςwhat ἡthe οἰκονομίαhouse administration τοῦof the μυστηρίουmystery τοῦof the (one) ἀποκεκρυμμένουhaving been hidden away ἀπὸfrom τῶνthe αἰώνωνages ἐνin τῷthe θεῷGod τῷthe (one) τὰthe πάνταall (things) κτίσαντι,having created,
10 ἵναin order that γνωρισθῇit might be made known νῦνnow ταῖςto the ἀρχαῖςgovernments καὶand ταῖςto the ἐξουσίαιςauthorities ἐνin τοῖςthe ἐπουρανίοιςheavenly [places] διὰthrough τῆςthe ἐκκλησίαςecclesia ἡthe πολυποίκιλοςmuch diversified σοφίαwisdom τοῦof the θεοῦ,God, 11 κατὰaccording to πρόθεσινpurpose τῶνof the αἰώνωνages ἣνwhich [purpose] ἐποίησενhe made ἐνin τῷthe χριστῷChristἸησοῦJesus τῷthe κυρίῳLord ἡμῶν,of us, 12 ἐνin ᾧwhom ἔχομενwe are having τὴνthe παρρησίανoutspokenness καὶand προσαγωγὴνleading toward ἐνin πεποιθήσειconfidence διὰthrough τῆςthe πίστεωςfaith αὐτοῦ.of him. 13 ΔιὸThrough which αἰτοῦμαιI am requesting μὴnot ἐνκακεῖνto be behaving badly within ἐνin ταῖςthe θλίψεσίνtribulations μουof me ὑπὲρover ὑμῶν,you, ἥτιςwhich ἐστὶνis δόξαglory ὑμῶν.of you.

14 ΤούτουOf this χάρινthanks κάμπτωI am bending τὰthe γόνατάknees μουof me πρὸςtoward τὸνthe πατέρα,Father, 15 ἐξout of οὗwhom πᾶσαevery πατριὰlineage from father ἐνin οὐρανοῖςheavens καὶand ἐπὶupon γῆςearth ὀνομάζεται,is being named, 16 ἵναin order that δῷhe might give ὑμῖνto you κατὰaccording to τὸthe πλοῦτοςriches τῆςof the δόξηςglory αὐτοῦof him δυνάμειto power κραταιωθῆναιto be made mighty διὰthrough τοῦthe πνεύματοςspirit αὐτοῦof him εἰςinto τὸνthe ἔσωinward ἄνθρωπον,man, 17 κατοικῆσαιto dwell τὸνthe χριστὸνChrist διὰthrough τῆςthe πίστεωςfaith ἐνin ταῖςthe καρδίαιςhearts ὑμῶνof you ἐνin ἀγάπῃ·love; ἐρριζωμένοιhaving been rooted καὶand τεθεμελιωμένοι,having been founded, 18 ἵναin order that ἐξισχύσητε  you might be strong enough καταλαβέσθαιto receive down σὺνtogether with πᾶσινall τοῖςthe ἁγίοιςholy (ones) τίwhat τὸthe πλάτοςbreadth καὶand μῆκοςlength καὶand ὕψοςheight καὶand βάθος,depth, 19 γνῶναίto know τεand τὴνthe ὑπερβάλλουσανsurpassing τῆςof the γνώσεωςknowledge ἀγάπηνlove τοῦof the χριστοῦ,Christ, ἵναin order that πληρωθῆτεyou might be filled εἰςinto πᾶνall τὸthe πλήρωμαfullness τοῦof the θεοῦ.God.

20 ΤῷTo the (one) δὲbut δυναμένῳbeing able ὑπὲρover πάνταall (things) ποιῆσαιto do ὑπερεκπερισσοῦover-beyond abundantly ὧνof what (things) αἰτούμεθαwe are requesting ἢor νοοῦμενwe see mentally κατὰaccording to τὴνthe δύναμινpower τὴνthe ἐνεργουμένηνoperating within ἐνin ἡμῖν,us, 21 αὐτῷto him ἡthe δόξαglory ἐνin τῇthe ἐκκλησίᾳecclesia καὶand ἐνin ΧριστῷChrist ἸησοῦJesus εἰςinto πάσαςall τὰςthe γενεὰςgenerations τοῦof the αἰῶνοςage τῶνof the αἰώνων·ages; ἀμήν.amen.

CHAPTER 4♠

1 ΠαρακαλῶI am entreating οὖνtherefore ὑμᾶςyou ἐγὼI ὁthe δέσμιοςbound one ἐνin κυρίῳLord ἀξίωςworthily περιπατῆσαιto walk τῆςof the κλήσεωςcalling ἧςof which ἐκλήθητε,you were called, 2 μετὰwith πάσηςall ταπεινοφροσύνηςlowly-mindedness καὶand πραΰτητος,mildness, μετὰwith μακροθυμίας,longness of spirit, ἀνεχόμενοιholding selves up ἀλλήλωνof one another ἐνin ἀγάπῃ,love, 3 σπουδάζοντεςspeeding up τηρεῖνto be observing τὴνthe ἑνότηταunity τοῦof the πνεύματοςspirit ἐνin τῷthe συνδέσμῳjoint-bond τῆςof the εἰρήνης·peace; 4 ἓνone σῶμαbody καὶand ἓνone πνεῦμα,spirit, καθὼςaccording as καὶalso ἐκλήθητεyou were called ἐνin μιᾷone ἐλπίδιhope τῆςof the κλήσεωςcalling ὑμῶν·of you; 5 εἷςone κύριος,Lord, μίαone πίστις,faith, ἓνone βάπτισμα·baptism; 6 εἷςone θεὸςGod καὶand πατὴρFather πάντων,of all (ones), ὁthe (one) ἐπὶupon πάντωνall καὶand διὰthrough πάντωνall καὶand ἐνin πᾶσιν.all.

7 ἙνὶTo one δὲbut ἑκάστῳto each ἡμῶνof us ἐδόθηwas given ἡthe χάριςgrace κατὰaccording to τὸthe μέτρονmeasure τῆςof the δωρεᾶςfree gift τοῦof the χριστοῦ.Christ. 8 διὸThrough which λέγειhe is saying ᾿ΑναβὰςHaving stepped up εἰςinto ὕψοςheight ᾐχμαλώτευσενhe led captive αἰχμαλωσίαν,captivity, καὶand ἔδωκενhe gave δόματαgifts τοῖςto the ἀνθρώποις.men. 9 τὸThe δέbut ᾿ΑνέβηHe stepped up τίwhat ἐστινis it εἰif μὴnot ὅτιthat καὶalso κατέβηhe stepped down εἰςinto τὰthe κατώτεραlower μέρηparts τῆςof the γῆς;earth? 10 ὁThe (one) καταβὰςhaving stepped down αὐτόςthis ἐστινis καὶalso ὁthe (one) ἀναβὰςhaving stepped up ὑπεράνωover-upward πάντωνof all τῶνthe οὐρανῶν,heavens, ἵναin order that πληρώσῃhe might fill τὰthe πάντα.all (things).

11 καὶAnd αὐτὸςhe ἔδωκενgave τοὺςthe (ones) μὲνindeed ἀποστόλους,apostles, τοὺςthe (ones) δὲbut προφήτας,prophets, τοὺςthe (ones) δὲbut εὐαγγελιστάς,evangelizers, τοὺςthe (ones) δὲbut ποιμέναςshepherds καὶand διδασκάλους,teachers, 12 πρὸςtoward τὸνthe καταρτισμὸνadjusting down τῶνof the ἁγίωνholy (ones) εἰςinto ἔργονwork διακονίας,of service, εἰςinto οἰκοδομὴνbuilding up τοῦof the σώματοςbody τοῦof the χριστοῦ,Christ, 13 μέχριuntil καταντήσωμενwe might attain down οἱthe πάντεςall (ones) εἰςinto τὴνthe ἑνότηταoneness τῆςof the πίστεωςfaith καὶand τῆςof the ἐπιγνώσεωςaccurate knowledge τοῦof the υἱοῦSon τοῦof the θεοῦ,God, εἰςinto ἄνδραmale person τέλειον,perfect, εἰςinto μέτρονmeasure ἡλικίαςof stature τοῦof the πληρώματοςfullness τοῦof the χριστοῦ,Christ, 14 ἵναin order that μηκέτιnot yet ὦμενwe may be νήπιοι,babes, κλυδωνιζόμενοιbeing tossed about by waves καὶand περιφερόμενοιbeing borne around παντὶto every ἀνέμῳwind τῆςof the διδασκαλίαςteaching ἐνin τῇthe κυβίᾳ(dice) cube τῶνof the ἀνθρώπωνmen ἐνin πανουργίᾳall-working πρὸςtoward τὴνthe μεθοδίανcraftiness τῆςof the πλάνης,error, 15 ἀληθεύοντεςmaintaining truth δὲbut ἐνin ἀγάπῃlove αὐξήσωμενwe should grow εἰςinto αὐτὸνhim τὰthe πάντα,all (things), ὅςwho ἐστινis ἡthe κεφαλή,head, Χριστός,Christ, 16 ἐξout of οὗwhom πᾶνall τὸthe σῶμαbody συναρμολογούμενονbeing jointed together καὶand συνβιβαζόμενονbeing made to go together διὰthrough πάσηςevery ἁφῆςconnection τῆςof the ἐπιχορηγίαςsupply κατ’according to ἐνέργειανoperation within ἐνin μέτρῳmeasure ἑνὸςof one ἑκάστουof each μέρουςpart τὴνthe αὔξησινgrowth τοῦof the σώματοςbody ποιεῖταιit makes for self εἰςinto οἰκοδομὴνbuilding up ἑαυτοῦof itself ἐνin ἀγάπῃ.love.

17 ΤοῦτοThis οὖνtherefore λέγωI am saying καὶand μαρτύρομαιI am bearing witness ἐνin κυρίῳ,Lord, μηκέτιnot yet ὑμᾶςyouπεριπατεῖνto be walking καθὼςaccording as καὶalso τὰthe ἔθνηnations περιπατεῖis walking ἐνin ματαιότητιvanity τοῦof the νοὸςmind αὐτῶν,of them, 18 ἐσκοτωμένοι(ones) having been darkened τῇto the διανοίᾳperception ὄντες,(ones) being, ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι(ones) having been alienated τῆςof the ζωῆςlife τοῦof the θεοῦ,God, διὰthrough τὴνthe ἄγνοιανignorance τὴνthe οὖσανbeing ἐνin αὐτοῖς,them, διὰthrough τὴνthe πώρωσινdulling τῆςof the καρδίαςheart αὐτῶν,of them, 19 οἵτινεςwho ἀπηλγηκότεςhaving ceased to feel pain ἑαυτοὺςthemselves παρέδωκανthey gave over τῇto the ἀσελγείᾳloose conduct εἰςinto ἐργασίανworking ἀκαθαρσίαςof uncleanness πάσηςall ἐνin πλεονεξίᾳ.having more.

20 ὙμεῖςYou δὲbut οὐχnot οὕτωςthus ἐμάθετεyou learned τὸνthe χριστόν,Christ, 21 εἴif γεin fact αὐτὸνhim ἠκούσατεyou heard καὶand ἐνin αὐτῷhim ἐδιδάχθητε,you were taught, καθὼςaccording as ἔστινis ἀλήθειαtruth ἐνin τῷthe Ἰησοῦ,Jesus, 22 ἀποθέσθαιto put off selves ὑμᾶςyou κατὰaccording to τὴνthe προτέρανformer ἀναστροφὴνcourse of conduct τὸνthe παλαιὸνold ἄνθρωπονman τὸνthe (one) φθειρόμενονbeing corrupted κατὰaccording to τὰςthe ἐπιθυμίαςdesires τῆςof the ἀπάτης,seduction,
23 ἀνανεοῦσθαιto be renewed δὲbut τῷto the πνεύματιspirit τοῦof the νοὸςmind ὑμῶν,of you, 24 καὶand ἐνδύσασθαιto put on selves τὸνthe καινὸνnew ἄνθρωπονman τὸνthe κατὰaccording to θεὸνGod κτισθένταhaving been created ἐνin δικαιοσύνῃrighteousness καὶand ὁσιότητιloyalty τῆςof the ἀληθείας.truth.

25 ΔιὸThrough which ἀποθέμενοιhaving put off τὸthe ψεῦδοςfalsehood λαλεῖτεbe you speaking ἀλήθειανtruth ἕκαστοςeach (one)μετὰwith τοῦthe πλησίονneighbor αὐτοῦ,of him, ὅτιbecause ἐσμὲνwe are ἀλλήλωνof one another μέλη.members. 26 ὀργίζεσθεBe you being made wrathful καὶand μὴnot ἁμαρτάνετε·be you sinning; ὁthe ἥλιοςsun μὴnot ἐπιδυέτωlet it be going down upon ἐπὶupon παροργισμῷprovocation to wrath ὑμῶν,of you, 27 μηδὲneither δίδοτεbe you giving τόπονplace τῷto the διαβόλῳ.Devil. 28 ὁThe (one) κλέπτωνstealing μηκέτιnot yet κλεπτέτω,let him be stealing, μᾶλλονrather δὲbut κοπιάτωlet him be laboring ἐργαζόμενοςworking ταῖςto the χερσὶνhands τὸthe ἀγαθόν,good (thing), ἵναin order that ἔχῃhe may be having μεταδιδόναιto be giving share τῷto the (one) χρείανneed ἔχοντι.having. 29 πᾶςEvery λόγοςword σαπρὸςrotten ἐκout of τοῦthe στόματοςmouth ὑμῶνof you μὴnot ἐκπορευέσθω,let it be proceeding out, ἀλλὰbut εἴif τιςany ἀγαθὸςgood (one) πρὸςtoward οἰκοδομὴνbuilding up τῆςof the χρείας,need, ἵναin order that δῷhe might give χάρινfavor τοῖςto the (ones) ἀκούουσιν.hearing. 30 καὶAnd μὴnot λυπεῖτεbe you saddening τὸthe πνεῦμαspirit τὸthe ἅγιονholy τοῦof theθεοῦ,God, ἐνin ᾧwhich ἐσφραγίσθητεyou were sealed εἰςinto ἡμέρανday ἀπολυτρώσεως.of releasing by ransom.

31 πᾶσαEvery πικρίαbitterness καὶand θυμὸςanger καὶand ὀργὴwrath καὶand κραυγὴscreaming καὶand βλασφημίαblasphemy ἀρθήτωlet it be lifted up ἀφ’from ὑμῶνyou σὺνtogether with πάσῃall κακίᾳ.badness. 32 γίνεσθεBe you becoming δὲbut εἰςinto ἀλλήλουςone another χρηστοί,kind, εὔσπλαγχνοι,disposed well to pity, χαριζόμενοιgraciously forgiving ἑαυτοῖςto selves καθὼςaccording as καὶalso ὁthe θεὸςGod ἐνin ΧριστῷChrist ἐχαρίσατοgraciously forgave ὑμῖν.to you.

CHAPTER 5♠

1 γίνεσθεBe you becoming    οὖνtherefore μιμηταὶimitators τοῦof the θεοῦ,God, ὡςas τέκναchildren ἀγαπητά,loved, 2 καὶand περιπατεῖτεbe you walking ἐνin ἀγάπῃ,love, καθὼςaccording as καὶalso ὁthe χριστὸςChrist ἠγάπησενloved ὑμᾶςyou καὶand παρέδωκενhe gave beside ἑαυτὸνhimself ὑπὲρover ὑμῶνyou προσφορὰνoffering καὶand θυσίανsacrifice τῷto the θεῷGod εἰςinto ὀσμὴνodor εὐωδίας.of sweet smell.

3 ΠορνείαFornication δὲbut καὶand ἀκαθαρσίαuncleanness πᾶσαall ἢor πλεονεξίαhaving more μηδὲnot-but ὀνομαζέσθωlet it be being named ἐνin ὑμῖν,you, καθὼςaccording as πρέπειit is befitting ἁγίοις,to holy (ones), 4 καὶand αἰσχρότηςdisgracefulness καὶand μωρολογίαfoolish talking ἢor εὐτραπελία,obscene jesting, ἃwhich (things) οὐκnot ἀνῆκεν,it is becoming, ἀλλὰbut μᾶλλονrather εὐχαριστία.thanksgiving. 5 τοῦτοThis γὰρfor ἴστεyou are discerning γινώσκοντεςknowing ὅτιthat πᾶςevery πόρνοςfornicator ἢor ἀκάθαρτοςunclean (one) ἢor πλεονέκτης,one having more, ὅwhich ἐστινis εἰδωλολάτρης,idolater, οὐκnot ἔχειhe is having κληρονομίανinheritance ἐνin τῇthe βασιλείᾳkingdom τοῦof the χριστοῦChrist καὶand θεοῦ.of God.

6 ΜηδεὶςNo one ὑμᾶςyou ἀπατάτωlet him be seducing κενοῖςto empty λόγοις,words, διὰthrough ταῦταthese (things) γὰρforἔρχεταιis coming ἡthe ὀργὴwrath τοῦof the θεοῦGod ἐπὶupon τοὺςthe υἱοὺςsons τῆςof the ἀπειθίας.disobedience. 7 μὴNot οὖνtherefore   γίνεσθεbe you becoming συνμέτοχοιjoint partakers αὐτῶν·of them; 8 ἦτεyou were γάρfor ποτεsometime σκότος,darkness, νῦνnow δὲbut φῶςlight ἐνin κυρίῳ·Lord; ὡςas τέκναchildren φωτὸςof light περιπατεῖτε,be you walking, 9 ὁthe γὰρfor καρπὸςfruit τοῦof the φωτὸςlight ἐνin πάσῃall ἀγαθωσύνῃgoodness καὶand δικαιοσύνῃrighteousness καὶand ἀληθείᾳ,truth, 10 δοκιμάζοντεςmaking proof of τίwhat ἐστινis εὐάρεστονwell-pleasing τῷto the κυρίῳ·Lord; 11 καὶand μὴnot συνκοινωνεῖτεyou be sharing with τοῖςthe ἔργοιςworks τοῖςthe ἀκάρποιςunfruitful τοῦof the σκότους,darkness, μᾶλλονrather δὲbut καὶalsoἐλέγχετε,be you reproving, 12 τὰthe (things) γὰρfor κρυφῇhiddenly γινόμεναcoming to be ὑπ’by αὐτῶνthem αἰσχρόνdisgraceful ἐστινit is καὶalso λέγειν·to be saying; 13 τὰthe δὲbut πάνταall (things) ἐλεγχόμεναbeing reproved ὑπὸby τοῦthe φωτὸςlight φανεροῦται,is being made manifest, πᾶνeverything γὰρfor τὸthe φανερούμενονbeing made manifest φῶςlight ἐστίν.is. 14 διὸThrough which λέγειhe is saying Ἔγειρε,Be awaking, ὁthe (one) καθεύδων,sleeping, καὶand ἀνάσταstand up ἐκout of τῶνthe νεκρῶν,dead (ones), καὶand ἐπιφαύσειwill shine upon σοιto you ὁthe χριστός.Christ.

15 ΒλέπετεBe you looking οὖνtherefore ἀκριβῶςaccurately πῶςhow περιπατεῖτε,you are walking, μὴnot ὡςas ἄσοφοιunwise (ones) ἀλλ’but ὡςas σοφοί,wise (ones), 16 ἐξαγοραζόμενοιbuying out for selves τὸνthe καιρόν,appointed time, ὅτιbecause αἱthe ἡμέραιdays πονηραίwicked εἰσιν.are. 17 διὰThrough τοῦτοthis μὴnot γίνεσθεbe you becoming ἄφρονες,senseless (ones), ἀλλὰbut συνίετεbe you comprehending τίwhat τὸthe θέλημαwill τοῦof the κυρίου·Lord; 18 καὶand μὴnot μεθύσκεσθεbe you being made drunk οἴνῳ,to wine, ἐνin ᾧwhich ἐστὶνis ἀσωτία,unsaving course, ἀλλὰbut πληροῦσθεbe you being filled ἐνin πνεύματι,spirit, 19 λαλοῦντεςspeaking ἑαυτοῖςto selves ψαλμοῖςto psalms καὶand ὕμνοιςto hymns καὶand ᾠδαῖςto songs πνευματικαῖς,spiritual, ᾄδοντεςsinging καὶand ψάλλοντεςmaking melody τῇto the καρδίᾳheart ὑμῶνof you τῷto the κυρίῳ,Lord, 20 εὐχαριστοῦντεςthanking πάντοτεalways ὑπὲρover πάντωνall (things) ἐνin ὀνόματιname τοῦof the κυρίουLord ἡμῶνof us Ἰησοῦof Jesus ΧριστοῦChrist τῷto the θεῷGod καὶand πατρί,Father,

21 ὑποτασσόμενοιsubjecting yourselves ἀλλήλοιςto one another ἐνin φόβῳfear Χριστοῦ.of Christ. 22 ΑἱThe γυναῖκεςwomen τοῖςto the ἰδίοιςown ἀνδράσινmale persons ὡςas τῷto the κυρίῳ,Lord, 23 ὅτιbecause ἀνήρmale person ἐστινis κεφαλὴhead τῆςof the γυναικὸςwoman ὡςas καὶalso ὁthe χριστὸςChrist κεφαλὴhead τῆςof the ἐκκλησίας,ecclesia, αὐτὸςhe σωτὴρsavior τοῦof the σώματος.body. 24 ἀλλὰBut ὡςas ἡthe ἐκκλησίαecclesia ὑποτάσσεταιis subjecting self τῷto the χριστῷ,Christ, οὕτωςthus καὶalso αἱthe γυναῖκεςwomen τοῖςto the ἀνδράσινmale persons ἐνin παντί.everything. 25 ΟἱThe ἄνδρες,male persons, ἀγαπᾶτεbe you loving τὰςthe γυναῖκας,women, καθὼςaccording as καὶalso ὁthe χριστὸςChrist ἠγάπησενloved τὴνthe ἐκκλησίανecclesia καὶand ἑαυτὸνhimself παρέδωκενhe gave beside ὑπὲρover αὐτῆς,it, 26 ἵναin order that αὐτὴνit ἁγιάσῃhe might sanctify καθαρίσαςhaving cleansed τῷto the λουτρῷbath τοῦof the ὕδατοςwater ἐνin ῥήματι,saying, 27 ἵναin order that παραστήσῃhe might present αὐτὸςhe ἑαυτῷto himself ἔνδοξονglorious τὴνthe ἐκκλησίαν,ecclesia, μὴnot ἔχουσανhaving σπίλονspot ἢor ῥυτίδαwrinkle ἤor τιany τῶνof the τοιούτων,such (things), ἀλλ’but ἵναin order that ᾖit may be ἁγίαholy καὶand ἄμωμος.unblemished.

28 οὕτωςThus ὀφείλουσινare owing καὶalso οἱthe ἄνδρεςmale persons ἀγαπᾷνto be loving τὰςthe ἑαυτῶνof themselves γυναῖκαςwomen ὡςas τὰthe ἑαυτῶνof themselves σώματα·bodies; ὁthe (one) ἀγαπῶνloving τὴνthe ἑαυτοῦof himself γυναῖκαwoman ἑαυτὸνhimself ἀγαπᾷ,is loving, 29 οὐδεὶςno one γάρfor ποτεsometime τὴνthe ἑαυτοῦof himself σάρκαflesh ἐμίσησεν,he hated, ἀλλὰbut ἐκτρέφειhe nourishes out καὶand θάλπειhe is cherishing αὐτήν,it, καθὼςaccording as καὶalso ὁthe χριστὸςChrist τὴνthe ἐκκλησίαν,ecclesia, 30 ὅτιbecause μέληmembers ἐσμὲνwe are τοῦof the σώματοςbody αὐτοῦ.of him. 31 ἀντὶInstead of τούτουthis καταλείψειwill leave down ἄνθρωποςman τὸνthe πατέραfather καὶand τὴνthe μητέραmother καὶand προσκολληθήσεταιhe will be closely stuck πρὸςtoward τὴνthe γυναῖκαwoman αὐτοῦ,of him, καὶand ἔσονταιwill be οἱthe δύοtwo εἰςinto σάρκαflesh μίαν.one. 32 τὸThe μυστήριονmystery τοῦτοthis μέγαgreat ἐστίν,it is, ἐγὼI δὲbut λέγωam saying εἰςinto ΧριστὸνChrist καὶand εἰςinto τὴνthe ἐκκλησίαν.ecclesia.
33 πλὴνBesides καὶalso ὑμεῖςyou οἱthe καθ’according to ἕναone ἕκαστοςeach τὴνthe ἑαυτοῦof himself γυναῖκαwoman οὕτωςthus ἀγαπάτωlet him be loving ὡςas ἑαυτόν,himself, ἡthe δὲbut γυνὴwoman ἵναin order that φοβῆταιshe may be fearing τὸνthe ἄνδρα.male person.

CHAPTER 6♠

1 ΤὰThe τέκνα,children, ὑπακούετεbe you obeying τοῖςto the γονεῦσινparents ὑμῶνof you ἐνin κυρίῳ,Lord, τοῦτοthis γάρfor ἐστινis δίκαιον·righteous; 2 τίμαBe honoring τὸνthe πατέραfather σουof you καὶand τὴνthe μητέρα,mother, ἥτιςwhich ἐστὶνis ἐντολὴcommandment πρώτηfirst ἐνin ἐπαγγελίᾳ,promise, 3 ἵναin order that εὖwell σοιto you γένηταιit might occur καὶand ἔσῃyou will be μακροχρόνιοςlong-timed ἐπὶupon τῆςthe γῆς.earth. 4 ΚαὶAnd οἱthe πατέρες,fathers, μὴnot παροργίζετεbe you provoking to wrath τὰthe τέκναchildren ὑμῶν,of you, ἀλλὰbut ἐκτρέφετεbe you nourishing out αὐτὰthem ἐνin παιδείᾳdiscipline καὶand νουθεσίᾳputting mind in Κυρίου.of Lord.

5 ΟἱThe δοῦλοι,slaves, ὑπακούετεbe you obeying τοῖςto the κατὰaccording to σάρκαflesh κυρίοιςto lords μετὰwith φόβουfear καὶand τρόμουtrembling ἐνin ἁπλότητιsimplicity τῆςof the καρδίαςheart ὑμῶνof you ὡςas τῷto the χριστῷ,Christ, 6 μὴnot κατ’according to ὀφθαλμοδουλίανeye-slavery ὡςas ἀνθρωπάρεσκοιmen pleasers ἀλλ’but ὡςas δοῦλοιslaves Χριστοῦof Christ ποιοῦντεςdoing τὸthe θέλημαwill τοῦof the θεοῦGod ἐκout of ψυχῆς,soul, 7 μετ’with εὐνοίαςwell-mindedness δουλεύοντες,slaving, ὡςas τῷto the κυρίῳLord καὶand οὐκnot ἀνθρώποις,to men, 8 εἰδότεςhaving known ὅτιthat ἕκαστος,each (one), ἐάνif ever τιanything ποιήσῃhe might do ἀγαθόν,good, τοῦτοthis κομίσεταιhe will carry off for self παρὰbeside κυρίου,of Lord, εἴτεwhether δοῦλοςslave εἴτεor ἐλεύθερος.freeman. 9 ΚαὶAnd οἱthe κύριοι,lords, τὰthe αὐτὰvery (things) ποιεῖτεbe you doing πρὸςtoward αὐτούς,them, ἀνιέντεςletting go up τὴνthe ἀπειλήν,threatening, εἰδότεςhaving known ὅτιthat καὶalso αὐτῶνof them καὶand ὑμῶνof you ὁthe κύριόςLord ἐστινis ἐνin οὐρανοῖς,heavens, καὶand προσωπολημψίαreceiving of face οὐκnot ἔστινis παρ’beside αὐτῷ.him.

10 ΤοῦOf the λοιποῦleftover (thing) ἐνδυναμοῦσθεbe you being empowered ἐνin κυρίῳLord καὶand ἐνin τῷthe κράτειmightiness τῆςof the ἰσχύοςstrength αὐτοῦ.him. 11 ἐνδύσασθεPut on yourselves τὴνthe πανοπλίανpanoply τοῦof the θεοῦGod πρὸςtoward τὸthe δύνασθαιto be able ὑμᾶςyou στῆναιto stand πρὸςtoward τὰςthe μεθοδίαςcrafty acts τοῦof the διαβόλου·Devil; 12 ὅτιbecause οὐκnot ἔστινis ἡμῖνto us ἡthe πάληwrestling πρὸςtoward αἷμαblood καὶand σάρκα,flesh, ἀλλὰbut πρὸςtoward τὰςthe ἀρχάς,governments, πρὸςtoward τὰςthe ἐξουσίας,authorities, πρὸςtoward τοὺςthe κοσμοκράτοραςworld-mighty ones τοῦof the σκότουςdarkness τούτου,this, πρὸςtoward τὰthe πνευματικὰspiritual (things) τῆςof the πονηρίαςwickedness ἐνin τοῖςthe ἐπουρανίοις.heavenly [places]. 13 διὰThrough τοῦτοthis ἀναλάβετεtake you up τὴνthe πανοπλίανpanoply τοῦof the θεοῦ,God, ἵναin order that δυνηθῆτεyou might be able ἀντιστῆναιto stand against ἐνin τῇthe ἡμέρᾳday τῇthe πονηρᾷwicked καὶand ἅπανταall (things) κατεργασάμενοιhaving worked down στῆναι.to stand.

14 στῆτεStand you οὖνtherefore περιζωσάμενοιhaving girded selves about τὴνthe ὀσφὺνloin ὑμῶνof you ἐνin ἀληθείᾳ,truth, καὶand ἐνδυσάμενοιhaving put on selves τὸνthe θώρακαbreastplate τῆςof the δικαιοσύνης,righteousness, 15 καὶand ὑποδησάμενοιhaving bound under selves τοὺςthe πόδαςfeet ἐνin ἑτοιμασίᾳreadiness τοῦof the εὐαγγελίουgood news τῆςof the εἰρήνης,peace, 16 ἐνin πᾶσινall (things) ἀναλαβόντες(ones) having taken up τὸνthe θυρεὸνlarge shield τῆςof the πίστεως,faith, ἐνin ᾧwhich δυνήσεσθεyou will be able πάνταall τὰthe βέληmissiles τοῦof the πονηροῦwicked (one) τὰthe (ones) πεπυρωμέναhaving been set afire σβέσαι·to extinguish; 17 καὶand τὴνthe περικεφαλαίανhelmet τοῦof the σωτηρίουsalvation δέξασθε,accept you, καὶand τὴνthe μάχαιρανsword τοῦof the πνεύματος,spirit, ὅwhich ἐστινis ῥῆμαsaying θεοῦ,of God, 18 διὰthrough πάσηςall προσευχῆςprayer καὶand δεήσεως,of supplication, προσευχόμενοιpraying ἐνin παντὶevery καιρῷappointed time ἐνin πνεύματι,spirit, καὶand εἰςinto αὐτὸit ἀγρυπνοῦντεςabstaining from sleep ἐνin πάσῃall προσκαρτερήσειperseverance καὶand δεήσειto supplication περὶabout πάντωνall τῶνthe ἁγίων,holy (ones), 19 καὶand ὑπὲρover ἐμοῦ,me, ἵναin order that μοιto me δοθῇmight be given λόγοςword ἐνin ἀνοίξειopening up τοῦof the στόματόςmouthμου,of me, ἐνin παρρησίᾳoutspokenness γνωρίσαιto make known τὸthe μυστήριονmystery τοῦof the εὐαγγελίουgood news 20 ὑπὲρover οὗwhich πρεσβεύωI am ambassador ἐνin ἁλύσει,chain, ἵναin order that ἐνin αὐτῷit παρρησιάσωμαιI might be outspoken ὡςas δεῖit is binding μεme λαλῆσαι.to speak.

21 ἽναIn order that δὲbut εἰδῆτεyou might discern καὶalso ὑμεῖςyou τὰthe (things)   κατ’according to ἐμέ,me, τίwhat πράσσω,I am performing, πάνταall (things) γνωρίσειwill make known ὑμῖνto you ΤύχικοςTychicus ὁthe ἀγαπητὸςloved ἀδελφὸςbrotherκαὶand πιστὸςfaithful διάκονοςservant ἐνin κυρίῳ,Lord, 22 ὃνwhom ἔπεμψαI sent πρὸςtoward ὑμᾶςyou εἰςinto αὐτὸvery τοῦτοthis (thing) ἵναin order that t γνῶτεyou might know τὰthe (things) περὶabout ἡμῶνus καὶand παρακαλέσῃhe might comfort τὰςthe καρδίαςhearts ὑμῶν.of you.

23 ΕἰρήνηPeace τοῖςto the ἀδελφοῖςbrothers καὶand ἀγάπηlove μετὰwith πίστεωςfaith ἀπὸfrom θεοῦGod πατρὸςFather καὶand κυρίουLord ἸησοῦJesus Χριστοῦ.Christ. 24 ἩThe χάριςgrace μετὰwith πάντωνall τῶνthe (ones) ἀγαπώντωνloving τὸνthe κύριονLord ἡμῶνof us ἸησοῦνJesus ΧριστὸνChrist ἐνin ἀφθαρσίᾳ.incorruptness.

Translation and Textual Criticism

THE KING JAMES BIBLE: Do You Know the King James Version?

The King James Bible was originally published in 1611. Some have estimated that the number of copies of the King James Version that have been produced in print worldwide is over one billion! There is little doubt that the King James Version is a literary masterpiece, which this author has and will appreciate and value for its unparalleled beauty of expression. This book is in no way trying to take away from what the King James Version has accomplished. The King James Version is a book to be commended for all that it has accomplished. For four centuries, when English-speaking people spoke of “the Bible,” they meant the King James Version. The question that begs to be asked of those who favor the King James Bible is, Do You Know the King James Version? What do most users of the King James Bible not know about their translation? Whether you are one who favors the King James Version or one who prefers a modern translation, Andrews will answer the questions that have long been asked for centuries about the King James Bible and far more.

THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO BIBLE TRANSLATION: Bible Translation Choices and Translation Principles [Second Edition]

THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO BIBLE TRANSLATION (CGBT) is for all individuals interested in how the Bible came down to us, as well as having an insight into the Bible translation process. CGBT is also for those who are interested in which translation(s) would be the most beneficial to use. The translation of God’s Word from the original languages of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek is a task unlike any other and should never be taken lightly because it carries with it the heaviest responsibility: the translator renders God’s thoughts into a modern language. It is CGBT’s desire to take challenging and complex subjects and make them easy to understand. CGBT will communicate as clearly and powerfully as possible to all of its readers while also accurately communicating information about the Bible. …

DO WE STILL NEED A LITERAL BIBLE?: Discover the Truth about Literal Translations

We have come a long, long way from the time that the KJV was The Bible in English and the many translations available today. Finding the right Bible for the right person can be daunting, with almost too many choices available. However, it is still possible to divide the options into two broad categories: literal translations and dynamic equivalents. What is the difference, and why should you care? Bible publishers used to say that literal translations are good for study purposes, and dynamic equivalents are better for reading. So literal translations were advertised with terms like “accurate,” “reliable,” and, of course, “literal.” For dynamic equivalent translations, terms like “contemporary,” “easy to read,” and “written in today’s English” were used. Naturally, publishers do not advertise the negatives, so they did not point out that the literal translations might be a little harder to read, or that the dynamic equivalents might not be entirely faithful to the original languages of the Bible. However, more recently, some scholars have been taking this analysis in a new direction, assessing literal translations as less desirable than dynamic equivalents even for accuracy and reliability.

THE KING JAMES BIBLE Why Have Modern Bible Translations Removed Many Verses That Are In the King James Version?

Many have asked Edward D. Andrews as a Chief Translator, “In studying the modern Bible translations, I have come across some verses that are left out but that are in my King James Version or even my New King James Version, such as Matthew 18:11; 23:14; Luke 17:36. I have gotten conflicting opinions on social media. Can you please clear this up for me?”

Have you experienced this? The book of Revelation warns: “if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his share in the tree of life and in the holy city, which are described in this book.” Yes, removing a true part of the Bible would be a serious matter. (Rev. 22:19) But had this happened? Do you know why these verses are omitted from modern translations? You might wonder, ‘Is my modern Bible translation lacking something that the King James Version has?’ The reader of the King James Version may feel that they have something that the modern Bibles do not. Andrews will help the reader find the answers to whether verses are being omitted and far more when it comes to the differences between the King James Bible and the Modern Bible translations.

THE TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT: The Science and Art of Textual Criticism

THE TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT (TTNT) is an introduction, intermediate and advanced level coverage of the text of the New Testament. Andrews introduces the new and relatively new reader to this subject in the first few chapters of the TTNT. Andrews deepens his handling of the material, while still making it easy to understand in the next few chapters of the TTNT, all the while being very informative in both sections. All of this prepares the reader for Wilkins’ advanced chapters. THE TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT was copied and recopied by hand for 1,500 years. Regardless of those scribes who had worked very hard to be faithful in their copying, errors crept into the text. How can we be confident that what we have today is the Word of God? Wilkins and Andrews offer the reader an account of the copying by hand and transmission of the Greek New Testament. They present a comprehensive survey of the manuscript history from the penning of the 27 New Testament books to the current critical texts. What did the ancient books look like and how were documents written? How were the New Testament books published? Who would use secretaries? Why was it so hard to be a secretary in the first century? How was such work done? What do we know about the early Christian copyists? What were the scribal habits and tendencies? Is it possible to establish the original text of the NewTestament? …

INTRODUCTION TO THE TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT: From The Authors and Scribe to the Modern Critical Text

INTRODUCTION TO THE TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT is a shortened 321 pages of Andrews and Wilkins 602 page TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT without losing the value of content. The foremost thing the reader is going to learn is that the Greek New Testament that our modern translations are based on is a mirror-like reflection of the original and can be fully trusted. The reader will learn how the New Testament authors made and published their books, the secretaries in antiquity and their materials like Teritus who helped Paul pen the epistle to the Romans, and the book writing process of the New Testament authors and early copyists. The reader will also discover the reading culture of early Christianity and their view of the integrity of the Greek New Testament. The reader will also learn how textual scholars known as paleography determine the age of the manuscripts.

The reader will learn all about the different sources that go into our restoring the Greek New Testament to its original form. Then, Andrews will cover the ancient version, the era of the printed text, and the arrival of the critical text. After that, the reader will be given a lengthy chapter on examples of how the textual scholar determines the correct reading by his looking at the internal and external evidence. Finally, and most importantly, the reader will find out the truth about the supposed 400,000 textual errors within the Greek New Testament manuscripts. The last chapter will be faith-building and enable you to defend the Word of God as inerrant.

THE READING CULTURE OF EARLY CHRISTIANITY: The Production, Publication, Circulation, and Use of Books in the Early Christian Church

THE READING CULTURE OF EARLY CHRISTIANITY provides the reader with the production process of the New Testament books, the publication process, how they were circulated, and to what extent they were used in the early Christian church. It examines the making of the New Testament books, the New Testament secretaries and the material they used, how the early Christians viewed the New Testament books, and the literacy level of the Christians in the first three centuries. It also explores how the gospels went from an oral message to a written record, the accusation that the apostles were uneducated, the inspiration and inerrancy in the writing process of the New Testament books, the trustworthiness of the early Christian copyists, and the claim that the early scribes were predominantly amateurs. Andrews also looks into the early Christian’s use of the codex [book form], how did the spread of early Christianity affect the text of the New Testament, and how was the text impacted by the Roman Empire’s persecution of the early Christians?

400,000+ SCRIBAL ERRORS IN THE GREEK NEW TESTAMENT MANUSCRIPTS: What Assurance Do We Have that We Can Trust the Bible?

The Bible has been under attack since Moses penned the first five books. However, the New Testament has faced criticism like no other time over the 50-70-years. Both friend and foe have challenged the reliability of our New Testament. Self-proclaimed Agnostic textual scholar Dr. Bart D. Ehrman has claimed that there are 400,000+ scribal errors in our Greek New Testament manuscripts. A leading textual scholar, Greek grammarian, and Christian apologist Dr. Daniel B. Wallace has stipulated that this is true. This is of particular interest among all Christians, who have been charged with defending the Word of God. – 1 Peter 3:15.

In this volume, textual scholar Edward D. Andrews offers the churchgoer and textual student a defense against this specific attack on the New Testament. Andrews offers the reader a careful analysis of the relevant evidence, giving his readers logical, reasonable, rational assurances that the New Testament can be trusted more than ever before. He will explain the differences between the older Bible translations and the newer ones. Andrews will explain why we do not need the original manuscripts to have the original Word of God. He will reveal how reliable our manuscripts are, how they survived the elements and the persecution of early Christianity, as well as withstanding careless and even deceitful scribes. Finally, Andrews will deal with the 400,000+ scribal errors in the Greek New Testament manuscripts extensively. The author takes a complicated subject and offers his readers an easy to understand argument for why they can have confidence in the Bible despite various challenges to the trustworthiness of Scripture, offering an insightful, informed, defense of God’s Word.

MISREPRESENTING JESUS: Debunking Bart D. Ehrman’s “Misquoting Jesus” [Fourth Edition]

This fourth edition will be dealing with the Greek text of our New Testament, through the Eyes of Dr. Bart D. Ehrman, in his New York Times bestseller: Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why (2005). First, in the introduction, we will look into Bart D. Ehrman’s early life and spiritual decline as he moved from being an evangelical conservative Christian to becoming an agnostic skeptic. Second, we will open with chapter one covering the book writing process of the New Testament authors and early Christian scribes. Then, we will spend three lengthy chapters covering the reading culture of early Christianity because of Ehrman’s claim of just how low the literacy rates were in early Christianity. After that, we will take one chapter to investigate the early Christian copyists because of Ehrman’s claim that most of the scribal errors come from the first three centuries. Following this will be one of the most critical chapters examining Ehrman’s claim of 400,000 textual variants [errors] and what impact they have on the integrity of the Greek New Testament. We will then investigate Bible Difficulties and what they mean for the trustworthiness of God’s Word. After that, we will give the reader the fundamentals of some of Ehrman’s complaints, debunking them as we investigate each one throughout seven chapters.