Ancient Aramaic, Syriac, and Latin versions confirm and clarify the Hebrew Old Testament, supporting the Masoretic Text and guiding careful textual restoration.
The Latin Vulgate (Vulgata Latina): History, Textual Transmission, and Significance in New Testament Textual Criticism
The Latin Vulgate and Old Latin versions shaped Western Christianity and remain vital for understanding New Testament textual history and transmission.
What Do We Know About the Latin Versions and How Can They Help Us Restore the Greek New Testament?
The Latin Bible preserves key Greek New Testament readings and remains vital to textual criticism, especially through the Old Latin and Vulgate traditions.

