We must face the reality that while the original 39 OT manuscripts and 27 NT manuscripts were inspired by God [Lit. “God-breathed”] (1 Tim. 3:16), as the authors were moved along by the Holy Spirit (1 Peter 1:21), this was not the case with the copyists thereafter. Yes, hundreds of thousands of scribal errors crept into our manuscripts. Yet, there is ...
NTTC ROMANS 16:24: Is This a Missing Verse From the New Testament?
In the New Testament, we have numerous instances where the missing verse(s) evidently have come from other NT books or other parts of the same book itself.
OTTC RUTH 3:15 DILEMMA: “Then he/she went into the city? Was It Boaz or Ruth?
Unravel the mystery behind the ambiguous return to the city in Ruth 3:15. Discover the textual debate.
CHRISTIANS: Why Are Textual Footnotes In Your Bible Important?
There are many textual variants in the Hebrew Old Testament and the Greek New Testament. What are textual variants? And how well do our modern translations inform their readers about these variants?
Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt: Oxyrhynchus, Early New Testament Papyri
Grenfell and Hunt’s Oxyrhynchus papyri anchor early New Testament text, confirming an Alexandrian-aligned, stable tradition rooted in second-century Christian codices.
PAPYRUS 32 (P32) P. Rylands 5: A Very Early Greek Fragment Copy of the Epistle of Paul to Titus
Papyrus 32 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by P32, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Epistle to Titus, it contains only Titus 1:11-15; 2:3-8.
New Testament Textual Criticism: Analyzing Matthew 10:14—“of your feet,” “out of your feet,” or “away from your feet”?
New Testament textual criticism analyzes manuscript evidence to establish original biblical wording, focusing on variations in Matthew 10:14’s phrase.
Johann Jakob Wettstein (1693–1754): Swiss Theologian and Foundational New Testament Textual Scholar—Life, Method, and His Amsterdam Greek New Testament
Johann Jakob Wettstein forged a documentary, manuscript-driven Greek New Testament, training readers to weigh early evidence over later harmonizing expansions.
The Traditional Method and the Socio-Historical Approach of NT Textual Studies
The sad state of affairs is that textual scholarship as a whole is unwittingly or knowingly moving the goalposts for some unknown reason. In textual criticism, it is now the earliest knowable text, the sociohistorical approach to New Testament Textual Studies, and, the newest trend of trying to redate our earliest NT papyri.
CODEX ALEXANDRINUS: One of the Jewels of the British Library
The Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, Royal MS 1. D. V-VIII; Gregory-Aland no. A or 02, Soden δ 4) is a fifth-century Christian manuscript of a Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Greek Old Testament and the Greek New Testament. It is one of the four Great uncial codices.

