Primary Hebrew witnesses and ancient versions show a stable Old Testament text from First Temple artifacts through the Masoretic codices.
Determining the Original Words of the Old Testament: Method, Evidence, and Tested Case Studies
How to identify the Old Testament’s original words with Masoretic primacy, disciplined use of versions, and case studies from 1 Chronicles 6:40 and Hosea 7:14.
A Brief History of Old Testament Textual Criticism: From the Dead Sea Scrolls to Modern Diplomatic Editions
A clear, evidence-driven history of Old Testament textual criticism from the Dead Sea Scrolls to BHQ and HUBP, centering the Masoretic Text’s primacy.
Transmission of the Hebrew Old Testament Text: From Autographs to Masoretic Mastery and Modern Critical Editions
A detailed, evidence-driven account of how the Hebrew Old Testament was preserved, standardized, and critically refined from antiquity to modern Masoretic editions.
Transmissional Errors in the Old Testament: Unintentional and Intentional Changes, the Sopherim’s Emendations, and How the Original Text Is Recovered
A precise map of how Old Testament scribes handled accidental slips, reverential edits, and the Divine Name—and how the original Hebrew text is securely recovered.
The Goal of Old Testament Textual Criticism: Establishing the Original Words Without the Autographs
Recover the original words of the Old Testament without autographs by weighing the Masoretic Text with early Hebrew and versions that corroborate it.
The Method of Old Testament Textual Criticism: Reading BHS, Applying External and Internal Criteria, Practicing the Documentary Method, and Making Sound Decisions with Examples
Old Testament textual criticism restores the exact wording by weighing Masoretic primacy with early witnesses through transparent, reproducible criteria.
Ancient Translations of the Hebrew Scriptures: Aramaic Targums, the Syriac Peshitta, Jerome’s Vulgate, and the Old Latin (Vetus Latina) in Old Testament Textual Criticism
Ancient Aramaic, Syriac, and Latin versions confirm and clarify the Hebrew Old Testament, supporting the Masoretic Text and guiding careful textual restoration.
The Septuagint: Origins, Recensions, Origen’s Hexapla, the Lucianic Text, the Great Codices, the Hebrew Relationship, and Scholarly Editions
Origins, revisions, Origen’s Hexapla, Lucianic text, great codices, and how the Septuagint serves the Hebrew text with disciplined, evidence-based analysis.
The Masoretic Text: History, Features, and Scholarly Editions Anchored in the Hebrew Scribal Tradition
A comprehensive study of the Masoretic Text’s consonants, vowels, accents, Masorah, manuscripts, and editions that secure the Hebrew Bible’s original wording.

