Land and people of southern Mesopotamia. Politically, Babylonia refers to the ancient kingdoms that flourished in southern Mesopotamia, especially in the 7th and 6th centuries BC, whose capital city was Babylon (or Bab-ilu, meaning “gate of god”).
THE BIBLE AS HISTORY: Babylon, the Third World Power of the Bible
Nimrod, living in the latter part of the third millennium B.C.E., established Babylon as the capital of the first human empire.